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Anesthetic and Postoperative Intensive Care for Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosis and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report
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Sung Wook Park, Yong Il Kim, Keon Sik Kim, Moo Il Kwon
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Korean J Crit Care Med. 2008;23(1):36-39.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2008.23.1.36
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- The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by vascular thrombosis despite of prolongation of coagulation profile in laboratory findings and pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibody. It occurs primarily or secondarily to autoimmune disease. This case report concerns a pelviscopic left ovarian cystectomy in a 32-year-old female with APS and systemic lupus erythematosis. To manage the hypercoagulability, oral warfarin and low molecular weight haparin were given pre- and postoperatively. In perioperative period, we monitored activated clotting time to prevent intraoperative thrombosis and tried to avoid dehydration, hypothermia and infection.
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Incidence of Pulmonary Aspiration in Patients with Tracheostomy
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Keon Sik Kim, Dong Soo Kim, Wha Ja Kang, Young Kyu Choi, Ok Young Shin, Doo Ik Lee, Moo Il Kwon
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Korean J Crit Care Med. 1999;14(2):161-166.
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Abstract
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- BACKGOUND: Patients with tracheostomy tubes have altered glottic closure in deglutition that may result in aspiration and may cause dangerous pulmonary complication including bronchopneumonia and atelectasis. The incidence of pulmonary aspiration in patients with tracheosomy may be high but difficult to determine because investigators often apply different criteria. The present study was prepared to document the incidence of aspiration in patients with tracheostomy using a simple dye-marker test.
METHODS
Thirty six surgical and medical patients (14 male and 22 female) in ICU with tracheostomy tube (high volume, low pressure cuffed tube) were included in this study.
Mental status (presence of response to verbal command), the presence of nasogastric tube and the presence of ventilatory support were recorded in each patients to evaluate the effect of these factors on the incidence of aspiration. 1% solution of methylene blue dye was applied on the both side of posterior tongue and then any evidence of the blue dye-marker obtained microscopically on secretion through the tracheostomy tube at every 2 hours during 72 hours was considered the positive evidence of aspiration.
RESULTS
Aspiration was detected by a positive methylene blue dye test in 11 of the 36 patients (30.5%) and average length of time before blue dye was obtained on tracheal secretion was 8.2 7.3 hours.The presence of response to verbal command, nasogastric tube and ventilatory support had no apparent effect on the incidence of aspiration.
CONCLUSIONS
This observation suggests that a simple test using dye-maker is helpful to detect aspiration in patients with tracheostomy. Tracheostomy should be done under discreet decision because the high incidence of aspiration in trcheostomized patients.
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Effects of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption on Cerebral Oxygen Balance
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Doo Ik Lee, Young Kyu Choi, Dong Ok Kim, Keon Sik Kim, Ok Young Shin, Moo Il Kwon
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Korean J Crit Care Med. 1999;14(2):126-130.
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- BACKGOUND: Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can alter the internal milieu and may increase the release of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters or catecholamines, which may affect metabolic rate or coupling. This study was performed to evaluate whether disruption of BBB by unilateral intracarotid injection of hyperosmolar mannitol would alter oxygen supply/consumption balance in the ipsilateral cortex.
METHODS
Rats were anesthetized with 1.4% isoflurane using mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy. 25% mannitol was administered at a rate of 0.25 mlxkg-1s-1 for 30 s through unilateral internal carotid artery. The BBB transfer coefficient (Ki) of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was measured in one group (N=7) after administering mannitol.
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional arterial and venous O2 saturation and O2 consumption were measured in another group using a 14C-iodoantipyrine and microspectrophotometry (N=7).
RESULTS
Vital signs were similar before and after administering mannitol. Ki was significantly higher in the ipsilateral cortex (IC) than in the contralateral cortex (CC), (22.3+/-8.4 vs 4.4+/-1.1 microliterxg-1min-1). rCBF was similar between IC (105+/-21 mlxg-1min-1) and the CC (93+/-20). Venous O2 saturation was lower in the IC (43+/-7%) than in the CC (55+/-4). O2 consumption was higher in the IC (9.6+/-3.0 mlx100 g-1min-1) than in the CC (6.7+/-1.5).
CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggested that increasing permeability of the BBB increased cerebral O2 consumption and deteriorated cerebral oxygen balance.
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Acute Pulmonary Edema Associated with Upper Airway Obstruction after Endotracheal Extubation: A case report
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Wha Ja Kang, Byung Ik Rhee, Keon Sik Kim, Ok Young Shin
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Korean J Crit Care Med. 1998;13(1):105-108.
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- Pulmonary edema is a recognized complication of acute airway obstruction, laryngospasm, especially after endotracheal extubation. It usually follows relief of the obstruction and is likely to be of noncardiogenic origin. The mechanism by which an upper airway obstruction causes pulmonary edema is likely due to the combination of the increased reduction of intrapulmonary pressure, increased capillary permeability and hypoxia. We present a case of pulmonary edema that occurred in an adult patient after upper airway obstruction following extubation of the trachea.
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